The Argument for and Against a European Single Currency Essay

The Argument for and Against a European Single Currency - Essay Example The current paper presents the arguments that have been stated for and against a single European currency. The review of the relevant literature leads to the conclusion that the establishment of a single currency zone across Europe was not carefully planned; as a result, inequalities in the economic development of member states have been unavoidable. In addition, for certain member states, such as Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal and Ireland the entrance in the eurozone resulted to the severe economic crisis; this phenomenon has been related to the decision of these countries to leave their national currencies and to adopt euro. In general, if compared, the arguments for and against a single European currency seem to verify the negative impact that euro had on the national economies of most member states; the above risk should have been predicted in advance by developing appropriate tests and plans of emergent exit, in case of unexpected failures. 2. Arguments for a single European cur rency The European Monetary Union was established in 1999 (Arestis et al. 2001). The preparation for the establishment of EMU has started about 10 years before, in 1989 (Arestis et al. 2001). The establishment of the ‘European Monetary Institute in 1994’ (Arestis et al. 2001, p.29) was considered as a necessary step for promoting the creation of a single currency zone. In the years that followed, the arguments for the single European currency have been quite strong. More specifically, it was supported that a single currency could result in ‘lower prices and better resource allocation’ (Stivachtis 2013, p.329). In such case investment in the Union would be highly increased, a fact that could result in the significant increase of productivity and the limitation of unemployment in European Union (Stivachtis 2013). In addition, having its own currency would make the European Union a key player in the global market which is dominated by a dollar (Stivachtis 2013 ). At the next level, the establishment of a single currency zone could lead to the important limitation of transaction costs between member states, a fact that would favor the economies of all member states, a benefit that was never achieved through (Stivachtis 2013). Moreover, the need for the introduction of a currency that would be able to face pressures from other currencies and to set barriers to important fluctuations in exchange rates globally was emergent (Arestis et al. 2001). Particular emphasis has been given to the following fact: by joining the Eurozone, a member state could secure the stability of its economy: its currency would not be exposed to the fluctuations of exchange rates, a common phenomenon in the global market (Shuibhne and Gormley 2012).

God has Ontological Existence Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

God has Ontological Existence - Term Paper Example The religious philosophers, over the centuries have tried to establish the existence of God and have come up with numerous arguments .Major arguments about His existence are Cosmological, Ontological, Teleological and the Moral Law Argument. The Cosmological Argument comes from the Greek word ‘cosmos’, which means the world. The Cosmological argument states that the universe could not have existed by its own, there must have been some cause that would have made the universe and that cause is God. The Teleological argument is from the word ‘teleo’ that means design or purpose. As the universe evidences great complexity of design, the great designer, the God must have designed it. The Moral law argument proposes that the moral Law and Order in this world is alive and exists because of God who has bestowed human beings with this understanding of morality. According to the Ontological Argument, the God is the greatest being, imaginable, one of the aspects of greatness and perfection is his existence or in other words as God can be conceived that means he exists. Twelfth century theologian and philosopher Anslem developed this argument about God’s existence. This argument proves about the existence of God through abstract reasoning. Descartes in his Meditation 3 proposes about the Ontological existence of God .His Meditation 3 questions about the existence of God and his analysis is devoid of any scientific proof and religious arguments.

Planning and Management of Conferences

Planning and Management of Conferences Manjot Singh Conference: It resembles a formal social gathering between the general populations to share their perspectives on a specific subject. For example, in business and political stream diverse gathering held to discuss the issues with the goal that they can resolve it effectively Conference Management:   It is the way toward dealing with a venture, for example, a meeting, tradition, tradeshow, group building action, gathering, or tradition. Occasion arranging incorporates planning, building up timetables, selecting and saving the occasion locales, obtaining licenses, arranging sustenance, organizing transportation, building up a subject, orchestrating exercises, selecting speakers and keynotes, masterminding hardware and offices, overseeing danger, and creating alternate courses of action. Maintain Conferences Management with Tools: There are some best tools which can be used for managing are explained below: Mitingu: Cloud-based occasion administration programming that gives occasion coordinators the apparatuses to make, advance and offer their occasions Double Dutch: Twofold Dutch makes portable applications for occasions, intended to connect with and please participants and create noteworthy achievement measurements Event rit: Occasion ceremony gives financially savvy occasion administration programming to help organizations sort out and offer tickets to occasions online-while peopling find occasions that fuel their interests. From patio grills to classes to gatherings to widely acclaimed film and music celebrations, Occasion custom houses occasions of all shapes and sizes. As one of todays driving occasion administration stages, Occasion ritual conveys inventive innovation and low expenses and if your occasion is free, so is Occasion custom. Take in more. Ivy Occasion Administration: Our Undertaking class, cloud-based Gathering and Occasions Administration programming furnishes occasion coordinators with every one of the devices they have to arrange, showcase and deal with each part of their occasion effectively and all in one place. From basic classes to multi-session meetings, we have you secured. With instinctive programming, delightful web and email formats, and our new move and customize site manufacturer it is simple for anybody to make proficient looking occasion sites and messages. O-Tux: O-Tux is an Australian-based Sales ticketing and enrolment framework that provides food for purchaser, business and corporate occasions. The framework is intended to be simple for coordinators to utilize, while conveying a finish ticketing and enrolment encounter for your clients. From identification printing and filtering, to limited time codes and installing of ticketing all alone site, O-tux is brimming with helpful elements since it was composed by occasions individuals, for occasions individuals. Policies and Procedure: There are some very important policies which one should take care to plan the conference: Anti-Discrimination Policy:   It should be necessary for any conference because the main purpose of this is equality and there are certain steps to follow this Uphold proper principles of direct at all times. create a separation and badgering free workplace where all representatives, temporary workers and clients are treated with politeness and regard implement methods to ensure workers know their rights and duties provide a viable system for grumblings in light of the standards of regular equity treat all grumblings with deference in a reasonable, opportune and secret way ensure there is no danger of exploitation or backlash in case of a dissension encourage workers to report ruptures of the counter separation approach Assignments Strategy: It is likewise the real one to take after on the grounds that this approach which is given to the a particular position or an individual They are given to classified positions wherever conceivable with a much littler number of individual positions practicing particular duties identified with the utilitarian part and power of their specific position. The appointments archive is surveyed every year with a view to enhancing its utility and pertinence to the authoritative structure of the College. The designations in this instrument are intended to: A be clear and straightforward; b. establish fitting procedures of duty and responsibility for different regulatory capacities; c. Devolve basic leadership to suitable levels. †¢By determination of the Leading body of Trustees these appointments produce results on and from 1 January 2016 subject to any further revision. They supplant any surviving assignments in past adaptations of this Appointments archive. You have selected the maximum of 4 products toBudget: It is the most important factor because budgeting is very serious. The whole business depends on this category and one should need to learn how to save more money. A project budget is the total sum of money allocated for the particular purpose of the project for a specific period of time. The goal of budget management is to control project costs within the approved budget and deliver the expected project goals that are why it is so important every person and family create a budget that works for them. Item Projected Real Fixed costs Site hire $6000 $6000 Orator fees $300 $150 Publicity $600 $400 Acoustic visual hire $100 $350 Total $7000 $7700 Variable costs Cookery $500 $400 Present bags $1500 $1200 Accommodate hire $1000 $800 Total $3000 $2400 Fixed income Organisations contribution $5000 $5500 Total $5000 $5500 Variable income Permit sales $2000 $1700 Track material $3000 $400 Total $5000 $2100 Strategies for Budget: Strategies of budgeting is important factor which involves clearly defining the organizations mission and an assessment of its current state and competitive landscape. Strategic planning also requires a well-thought out plan for how to properly allocate time, human capital and financial resources. The different strategies are explained below: Recognized settled cost: The principal thing anybody hoping to make a financial plan ought to do is make a rundown of costs. This incorporates things, for example, voyaging costs, convenience, bills and whatever else that cant be maintained a strategic distance from, alongside superfluous costs like stimulation and eating out. Assess the amount you ordinarily spend on each, and make a note alongside them. When this is finished, investigate the rundown. Approximation Profit: Then we need to gauge our wage. Wage can likewise be altered or variable. Altered pay alludes to salary that does not vary with the quantity of participants, for instance: sponsorship and so on. Variable earnings will vary with the quantity of participants, for instance: ticket deals and so forth. Parts of a Financial Plan: An ace spending plan is the money related report utilized for anticipating the salary and costs of an organization, instead of a division, item, or other territory of a business. From the ace spending plan, a little entrepreneur can build up an assortment of reports to set particular objectives for the business. The real parts of an ace spending plan incorporate wage and costs, overhead and creation costs, and the month to month, yearly, normal, and projection aggregates. Income: One of the two fundamental parts of an ace spending plan is salary. This incorporates your deals, as well as any premium, profits, eminences or other capital increases you win. In the event that you wont utilize these last types of salary to run your organization, abandon them off your lord spending plan, making it a working spending plan concentrated on pay from deals. Some ace spending plans incorporate a terrible obligation section, figuring it utilizing a rate of the business wage. Expenses: The other primary part of an ace spending plan is costs. Some little entrepreneurs make sub-parts of their lord spending costs to figure spending ranges they can cut amid moderate times, or to ascertain generation and overhead expenses. A settled cost is one you cant without much of a stretch change from month to month, for example, your lease, protection premium, advance instalment or copier rent. You will probably have the capacity to cut variable costs in case youre short on money, in light of the fact that a significant number of these are optional. Assign repeating variable costs you cant without much of a stretch cut, for example, utilities, telephone bills or work, uniquely in contrast to variable costs you cant change, so you can rapidly discover spots to cut when the need emerges. To make an adaptable spending plan, utilize recipes that change your optional spending taking into account your pay. Projections: An accommodating part of numerous financial plans is the projection adds up to segment, which demonstrates to you how youll end the year in the event that you keep performing at your present levels of pay and spending. These can be skewed on the off chance that you have substantial cost or pay sums ahead of schedule in the year. Taking a gander at your execution for a specific month ordinarily isnt a practical pointer of your general execution, since you will have more bills come due in a few months. Times of higher bills can incorporate the start of the year when expenses are expected, dates when quarterly protection premiums or duties are expected, or times when you have occasional deals crests and valleys. Averaging your month to month pay and costs can help you anticipate your yearly execution in the event that you dont have occasional swings and your costs are genuinely relentless. Planning Conference:   Itis very important to handle the work. Being a part of busy Conf and helping conference organizers take their event from idea to launch has shown me that this is true. One of the difficult parts of planning a conference is finding resources to help you organize your event that are affordable, or even free. To save you time when searching for resources, we have compiled a list of conference planning resources that can help you find a venue, book speakers, promote your event, and more. Finding a Setting: Finding and booking a scene can be a distressing background, particularly for first-time gathering coordinators. Leasing a scene is frequently the greatest cost included when arranging a gathering. These instruments make finding and booking settings in your general vicinity less complex and less expensive. Event Hardware: Gear rentals are nearly as distressing as finding a setting. Leasing hardware is frequently costly and tedious. On the off chance that your occasion needs complex sound and visual hardware, leasing and setting it up can be troublesome.   These administrations help occasion coordinators find and set up gear. Event Sponsorship: Occasions are costly, and without enough sponsorship cash and a careful spending plan, your arrangements may very well come up short because of an absence of assets. Discovering supporters is something that a great deal of first time coordinators battle with. These assets will help you raise cash for your occasion, discover supports, and make a financial plan. Milestones of Conference: A Milestone is a reference point that marks a major event in a project and is used to monitor the projects progress. The milestones for a project should present a clear sequence of events that will incrementally build up to the completion of the approved project. Expand Proclamation: As we realize that, each individual attempt to enhance his relational abilities. By this he can enhance his identity. Along these lines, the meeting is the most ideal route for each business part to enhance his relational abilities. Moving into Future: If the organization needs to move persistently in future then the gatherings ought to be essential for this on the grounds that by this they can give the more data in market about its items, strategies and methods. Produce Income: Each organization needs to acquire increasingly income. At that point the gathering is likewise the most ideal approach to procure income. Amplify Relations in Market: If the organization needs to build its relations in the market then the gatherings ought to be important in light of the fact that by this each organization can enhance its relations with shareholders, indebted individuals, loan bosses and so forth.

Denver International Airport Conspiracy Essay -- Informative, Area 52

There is no doubt that an elaborate underground base exist below the Denver International Airport. What actually is going on down below in this base however is a mystery. When taking a closer look at this airfield it is evident that something weird is going on. â€Å"While the most extreme claim maintains that a massive underground facility exists below the airport where an alien race of reptilian humanoids feeds on missing children while awaiting the date of government-sponsored rapture† (Maher 4). This extreme claim just shows what the human mind can conceive when coincidence and the unknown meet. The research is done, is there a conspiracy or is it just being blown out of proportion. The construction of Denver International Airport (DIA) has lead many theorists to nickname it â€Å"Area 52†. To get such an outlandish name would warrant some strange that have to be going on within the airport, and indeed there is. As Hayes points out â€Å"Five large buildings were fully constructed and subsequently deemed to have been positioned incorrectly – unusually, they were buried and the current airport constructed on top of the â€Å"incorrect† structures† (Hayes 1). More often then not if a building was built incorrectly the contractor would simply knock it down and just start over instead of going through the hassle of burying it. Why in this case was this not done? â€Å"All told, there is over 6 million square feet of public space at DIA. The airport brags that they have room to build another terminal and two more concourses and could serve 100 million passengers a year. The airport flew 50.5 million in 2008† (Anomalies Unlimited 3). There is no need for that much room in any one airport especially when they are only flying half as many as th... ...r figure out what these paintings really stand for. In recent years they have been painted over and redone in certain areas, so something needs to be found before there are no paintings left. Could there really be aliens eating missing children or is the Nazis regime getting ready to return and making their base under Denver Airport. There is a base under DIA, but could the paintings of Leo Tanguma offer insight as to what is down in the vast buildings? â€Å"Many investigators have directly questioned airport officials in an attempt to dispel the myriad of rumours – officials however have been reported to be evasive and secretive which has fuelled the conspiratorial fires† (Hayes 1). Nobody really knows what is going on at DIA, only guesses. So take that facts for what they are worth and decide what is happening at the mysterious Denver International Airport.

Assignment on Cell Phone Essay

â€Å"Watson, come here: I want you.† This was the first message ever transmitted from one place to another, through a device called Telephone. Alexander Graham bell the American genius along with his assistant Thomas Watson invented this machine in 1876. It was March 10, 1876, an important day for the human civilization when this great machine was invented and it was the first step towards developing the means of communication. Since then we have come across a long way. Various means were added to the means of communication. Today, telephone is a part of our everyday life. Besides telephone, mobile phones are playing a great role to communicate massages from one place to another. It has become an integral part of life in all over the world. Today, telecommunication is one the major part of life. Nowadays, phone is not only using for making calls, among many other functions it’s used for text messaging, multimedia messaging and also even to connect us to the internet. Due to its various functionality it has a greater impact not only in the economy as well as in the society. Bangladesh is talking like never before. The phenomenal growth of the telecom industry over the last two decades has considerable changed the way people interact. The impact is seen among all spheres of people in Bangladesh. But the most significant impact is seen among the young users of cell phone. Telecommunications allows better access to services that enhance a society’s health and wellbeing such as healthcare and social services. Amongst the many implications of research is that poor and rural populations benefit most from mobile telephony because they are least likely to have alternatives. In view of this, the cross subsidies in Bangladesh from mobile to fixed users, from the poor to the rich, are especially damaging. There are a number of ways that mobile services can promote cohesion in families and society. For example, a cheap mobile service allows families and communities to remain as a coherent unit when family members are away for long periods. In cases where a family member is abroad either temporarily or permanently it allows the family unit to remain intact as well as generating inbound international call revenues. Due to intense competition among the operators, every company is trying to provide cheap call rate which is benefiting the users. Young people are benefitting most in this regard since they lack income sources. A cheap mobile service keeps them in touch with families and relatives thus strengthening social bodings. But every coin has two faces. The telecommunication companies in our country have been inclined towards introducing new and alternative packages for young people like Djuice & Bondhu by Grameenphone, Desh by Banglalink, Shorol by Robi and many more. The question arises why companies are so aggressively coming up with such packages without the social mobilization to check the mindset of youth. How they are facilitating their users by such packages which offer lower call rate at midnight. Except on very urgent occasions ordinarily no one would like to talk after midnight. In our youth segment the majority is student community that is spell bounded by these packages. They are losing their essence of their studies. They are derailing and deviating themselves. They are getting away for their goals, destinies and motives. Their minds are becoming stagnant and static. Creativity and innovation is blocked by the consistent telephonic conversations spread over the whole of night. They are losing their interest towards the interactions and sociality. Alienation is increasing within small community or groups of people. In home young hardly get time to spend with their parents. In one room of hostels all four members are strangers to one another. They never try to tie up the relation because they don’t have a pinch of time. By talking whole night with opposite sex, they are getting psychologically weak and pressured. There are more other physical disorders also experiencing by the youth due to spending the precious time which is needed for compulsory rest, relaxation, relief and mental health. Due to spending whole nights over phone the absenteeism is skyrocketing in every profession. They are going far and far away from the hold of families. They tell lies and have false communication with their parents thus seriously jeopardizing the social relationship. They are deceiving the decisions, trust and expectations of their parents. They are traveling towards the lone parent family system in which one is not accountable to anyone and he is the only decision maker. Suck kind of behavior is leading towards the social fragmentation and terrible decline of moral values in which respect is core one. Even their mental approach is revolving around sexual satisfaction. Other emotions and sentiments are pushed oblivion, they are forgetting that there are so many matters that need their kind attention. Which are making them socially challenged. The mobile companies have every right to work out innovative packages offering greater value of money to their customers. But they should not making profits by compromising on the interest of young generation. Youth spend a huge amount of money on mobile cellular services annually. Major amounts of their disposable income are going to the mobile telecom companies. In the name of competition companies are aggressively promoting their offerings without considering the welfare of the youth. Therefore, we all have to realize the worth and well being of our youth.

Interpretation poem

Creative Interpretation Interpret one of the poems from the course In a new material form: visual, sculptural, audio, video, and/or digital. Successful creative interpretations will go beyond portraying the thematic content of the poem and represent its formal, historical, and/or material aspects as well. Demonstrate a nuanced understanding of the poem. Rate a meaningful and complex relationship between materiality and meaning. Show that significant thought and effort has been put into the project. Your interpretation should integrate the complete text of your poem into the project in some way so that your Interpretation could be understood by an audience that hasn't read the poem. Please note that a broadside does not meet the â€Å"significant thought and effort† requirements of this project. 2.Essay Write an essay of 900-1200 words that analyzes your chosen poem and articulates how your artistic choices in your creative interpretation respond to specific thematic, formal, h istorical, and/or material aspects of the poem. Successful essays will give relevant background information about the poem. Offer a thesis statement that clearly articulates how the creative interpretation uses material features to respond to the poem. Analyze specific aspects of the poem? quoting where appropriate?that are relevant to the project's artistic choices. Leary describe how the project uses specific material features to construct an Interpretation of the poem. Be written In a formal academic style. You can assume that your reader has seen your project, so you can focus on analyzing rather than describing it. You can use â€Å"l† in this essay to refer to your choices, but the essay should focus on the poem and the project rather than your pinions, beliefs, motivations, etc. Your creative interpretation will be due in person during our final class session on Wednesday, June 4 at 3:30.Your essay will be due online by Monday, June 9 at 3:mom. Please note: the poem yo u choose for this project must be different from the ones you choose for your micro-essay portfolio and your broadside. Final Project Grading Rubric Creative Interpretation poem, including relevant formal, historical, and/or material aspects. Execution. The choice of medium is fruitful for the project; specific material choices are interesting, meaningful, and effective. Effort. The project demonstrates a significant amount of thought and effort.Essay Poem Analysis. The essay offers a compelling analysis of the poem, focusing on aspects most relevant to the project and quoting where appropriate. Project Analysis. The essay analyzes specific material choices of the creative interpretation in detail. Organization & Writing. The essay has a clear organizational structure, including an introduction, paragraphs with topic sentences, transitions, and a conclusion; the essay uses formal academic prose conventions.

Amazon Inventory Management Essay Example

Amazon Inventory Management Essay Example Amazon Inventory Management Paper Amazon Inventory Management Paper Introduction Launched by Jeff Bezos, the Amazon. com website started in 1995 and is today considered as one of the most prominent retail website on the internet with a record turnover of US$ 14. 87 billion in 2007. Jeff Bezos’s intention was to create an internet based company with the most dedicated product portfolio on the internet where customers could find anything they might want. Amazon’s success is based on technology, services and products (Jens et al. , 2003). Controlling inventory is known to be one of the toughest problems for companies. With 39 million active customer accounts and a vision such as being â€Å"Earth’s biggest selection of product†, Amazon has been putting a lot of effort to be as efficient as possible in their inventory management. The purpose of this report is to understand the evolution of the inventory management of Amazon and how it has affected the company’s growth. This case study is both a practice case and a problem solving case, so the first section of this report focuses on the practices used by Amazon in the 4 stages and then in the second section we will solve the problem regarding their product returns problem and provide recommendations. I-The 4 Stages of Amazon Amazon’s Inventory management can be divided into 4 stages: An initial start with no inventory Built warehouses to store inventory Entered into partnerships with distributors Entered into partnerships with retailers Initially started with no inventory In the first stage Amazon’s main objective was to create a virtual bookshop, where customers could have more choices than any physical bookshop in the world, but also, he did not want to spend time and money on building warehouses and deal with inventory because each warehouse could cost around $50 million dollars. First stage logistic process As shown in figure 1, customers used to order products from Amazon’s website, Amazon then forwards the order to the distributor, who in turn sends the product back to Amazon and finally, Amazon ships the product to the customer. Initially this didn’t look like a bad idea but it wasn’t long till Bezos understood that if he had to build on strong customer satisfaction and needed to have his own inventory. This left him with two choices, either improve information system flow throughout the supply chain or build warehouses to manage its own inventory (Hof, 1999). Built warehouses to store inventory In this stage the objective of Amazon was to build warehouses and gain better control over their Inventory and increase the range of products while reducing their logistics cost (Choen et al. , 2004). Figure 2: Second stage logistic process As show on figure 2, Amazon used to procure items from their distributor and store them in their warehouses. Customer makes an order and Amazon couriers it to them. This helped Amazon to maximise its storage capacity as well as decrease their logistics costs. However Amazon did face a major problem of managing a large inventory along with high warehouse maintenance costs. This left Amazon with two options, either to use its warehouses more effectively by boosting sales or outsource its inventory management. 3. Entered into partnerships with distributors This was a huge risk as Amazon had a very good reputation in providing superior customer service and if this task was outsourced; their hard earned reputation may be damaged (Saunders, 2001). On the other hand Amazon would now be able to concentrate on its core activities by reducing the need for warehouses. Figure 3: Third stage logistic process (Drop-shipment model) This model gave greater flexibility in terms of product range. They could focus their attention on listening to the market in order to be more reactive by discovering products Amazon’s visitors wanted and then being able to rapidly add them to the product list. On the other hand, there was no capital investment and no danger of suddenly having a warehouse full of outdated items. Figure 3 shows how drop shipment works. However, whereas Amazon was planning to extend this model to all other categories, the company started to encounter some problems (Julie et al. , 2004). Since Amazon uses drop-shippers as well as their own warehouses, split shipments became problematic. This reduced overall efficiency as 35% of Amazon orders were of this nature. 4. Entered into partnerships with retailers This led Amazon to enter the fourth stage where they entered into partnerships with other retailers. The process is illustrated in figure 4. Figure 4: Fourth stage logistic process They main benefit of this stage was that Amazon could expand its product categories while cutting cost incurred through shipping and operating their warehouses. Amazon used best practices from eBay to assist them in this stage as shown in figure 5. Figure 5: Best Practices from eBay 5. Further Analysis As we have mentioned above we have analysed and discussed the various stages that Amazon went through in terms of their business strategy, which also affected their logistics management. We identified that Amazon had different motives for modifying their logistics management when moving from one stage to another. When Amazon went from having no inventory to building warehouses, was primarily to grow their business as they wanted to offer a larger range of products to their customers. From there, Amazon then decided to enter into partnerships with distributors. The main motive behind this move was to improve its logistics efficiency. Finally they entered into partnerships with retailers. Again Amazon’s key objective was to grow the company as now they will be able to display the retailer’s products on Amazon’s website, thereby further expanding their product range. After our case study date Amazon has gone on to further increase the variety of products offered and at the same time improving their operations. This has been achieved by taking up the Six Sigma approach to its distribution operations and by applying lean manufacturing and Total Quality Management methodologies to its processes. Amazon now ships to more than 200 countries. Therefore they have begun to use a global trade management solution to provide customers with more information. They have also started to be a drop shipper where Amazon will handle inventory and shipping for other e-businesses. Many years back Amazon would have never thought of doing such an activity as having more inventory meant more costs. However, Jeff Bezos has seen the potential in doing this, as they have the experience and reputation in managing inventory and logistics, which other e-businesses find that hard to ignore. II-Conclusions and Recommendations 1. Conclusions We have learnt some important lessons when it comes to logistics management in e-businesses after considering Amazon’s case. Firstly, flawless logistics and fulfilment are key drivers of customer retention and long-term profitability. Like Amazon, all other e-businesses should get their corporate mind set straight, meaning that they should understand that it’s all about the customer and a positive profit-margin. E-businesses should be able to provide customers with the 3R’s, which are the right product at the right place at the right time. At the same time they have to make a profit. So they key challenge is to be able to deliver both. Other e-businesses should consider outsourcing some of its activities so that they could direct focus towards their core activities. Amazon did this and was able to concentrate on other activities such as marketing its brand. After arriving at the fourth stage Amazon was faced with a major problem regarding their reverse logistics process. This has resulted in frustration among customers due to difficulties in returning a product to Amazon and the handling of returned products by Amazon was not very efficient. This was eating into their profits. Therefore a solution must be developed to tackle this issue. 2. Recommendations Amazon’s reverse logistics procedure is a very long process and required Amazon to allocate a lot of resources to make sure that it runs smoothly. These resources may be put to better use in attending to Amazon’s core activities such as product fulfilment. Figure 6 shows the reverse logistics procedure of Amazon. Figure 6: Amazon’s Reverse Logistics Process We would recommend that Amazon considers in outsourcing its reverse logistics to a third-party reverse logistics provider. There are certain factors Amazon will have to take into consideration if an outsourcing strategy is to be chosen (Rao, 1994). These factors are as follows: Amazon has to see if it is a company that handles a large inventory. Amazon has to see what the characteristics of the products that they offer. Amazon should look into the level of required customer service that has to be offered. Amazon should see if reverse logistics is considered to be a core activity in the company. We have answered these questions to see if our recommendation is appropriate for Amazon to consider. The number of products that they handle is unimaginable and they receive countless amounts of orders per day. For example, Amazon. com just finished its 13th Christmas season in 2007 and December 10th of 2007 was the busiest day with customers ordering more than 5. 4 million items on that day, which is 62. items per second (Chaffey, 2008). Therefore it is inevitable there would have been a large number of returns. Even their vision states that they want to offer customers anything they might want by having Earth’s biggest selection of products. The characteristics of the products that Amazon handles vary considerably. They handle products of different shapes and sizes. Larger items would take up valuable space. Amazon will have to offer good customer service to its buyers. If customers have a difficult experience when returning products and do not get a quick response, they may end up being dissatisfied and etaining first time buyers at Amazon may prove to be a failure. After analysing the company more closely, we realized that Amazon is more interested in getting the products to their customers in the most efficient manner. Therefore forward logistics could be considered to be a core activity with the company but is not the case for reverse logistics. After answering these questions, outsourcing their reverse logistics seems to be the best option as Amazon could then focus on their core activities. Bibliography Saunders. R (2001) Amazon. com way – Secrets of the world’s most astonishing web business, Capstone Bezos, Jeff (1998) A Bookstore By Any Other Name, viewed 20 March 2008, commonwealthclub. org/archive/98/98-07bezos-speech. html Jens, C. , Peter, M (2003) The Industrial Dynamics of the New Digital Economy, Edward Elgar Publishing Hof, R. (1999) Whats With All the Warehouses? , viewed 18 March 2008, ; businessweek. com/1999/99_44/b3653046. htm; Ordering from merchants, viewed 26 March 2008, ; amazon. com/gp/help/customer/display. html? nodeId=537794; Choen, S. Roussel, J. (2004) Strategic supply chain management, McGraw-Hill Julie, A. , Sokol Robert, J. Thomas (2004) State of the art, viewed 27 March 2008, ; accenture. com/Global/Research_and_Insights/Outlook/By_Alphabet/StateOfTheArt. htm; Rao, K. , and Young, R. R. (1994) Global supply chains: Factors influencing outsourcing of logistics functions. International journal of physical distribution and logistics management. Vol. 24. No. 6. Chaffey, D (2008) Amazon. com case study, viewed 20 March 2008, ; davechaffey. com/E-commerce-Internet-marketing-case-studies/Amazon-case-study;

Programming games in C# using SDL.NET

Programming games in C# using SDL.NET One of the problems with open source is that projects sometimes seem to fall by the wayside or take confusing turns. Take SDL.NET. Ignoring the website for sale, a search on the web reveals cs-sdl.sourceforge.net a project that seems to have stopped in November 2010. We dont think it has stopped but just looks like it has. If you dont know C#, you will first need to learn how to program in C#. Looking elsewhere, we came across the Tao framework linked on the Mono website which seems to cover the same area and adding support for sound etc. But looking on sourceforge (again!), it has been superseded by OpenTK but the focus there is OpenGL. However, it also includes OpenAL so installing the two (cs-sdl and OpenTK) seemed to be the way forward. Part of the OpenTk install failed; the NS (shader) because we dont have VS 2008 installed! However, the rest of it was ok. We created a C# Console project and started playing with SDL.NET. The online documentation can be found here. Looking back, we can see that the OpenTK framework wasnt needed as such, that SDL.NET installed everything but that wasnt clear at the time. It still uses the Tao Framework even though development of that has been superseded by OpenTK. Its a little confusing and we hope the SDL.NET team will bring out an OpenTk compatible version in the future. What Exactly is SDL.NET? Its not, as we thought, just a thin wrapper round SDL, but adds considerable extra functionality. There are a number of classes provided to provide the following: TimersProvides Sprites, including animation and TextProvides surfaces for 2D and OpenGlProvides support for Movie loading and playingProvides support for AudioProvides Bezier, polygon (and textures), square, circle, line, pie drawingProvides particle support with emitters and sprites and manipulators.Provides interfacing with Windows forms through a shared PictureBox with surface. Preparations There are several things you have to do to get it set up. Here they are: Locate the two SDL.NET dlls (SdlDotNet.dll and Tao.Sdl.dll) as well as the OpenTK dlls, and add them to the project references. After installation, the dlls are located in Program Files\SdlDotNet\bin (on a 32 bit Windows and Program Files (x86)\SdlDotNet\bin on 64 bit Windows. Right click on the References section in Solution Explorer then click Add Reference and select the Browse tab. That opens an Explorer dialog and after locating the dlls select then and click ok. SDL.NET uses the SDL set of dlls and installs them under the lib folder. Dont delete them! One last thing, click on the View\Properties so it opens up the Property pages and on the first tab (Application) Change Output type from Console Application to Windows Application. If you dont do this when the program first runs and opens up the SDL main Window it will open up a console Window as well. Were now ready to start and Ive created a short application below. This blits randomly sized and located rectangles and circles on the Window surface at 1,700 drawn per second at a frame rate of 50 frames per second. That 1,700 comes from setting the number drawn per frame to 17 and displaying the frames per second in the Window caption using Video.WindowCaption. Each frame it draws 17 filled circles and rectangles, 17 x 2 x 50 1,700. This figure depends on the video card, CPU etc. Its an impressive speed. // By David Bolton, http://cplus.about.comusing System;using System.Drawing;using SdlDotNet.Graphics;using SdlDotNet.Core;using SdlDotNet.Graphics.Primitives;public class ex1{private const int wwidth 1024;private const int wheight 768;private static Surface Screen;private static Random r new Random() ;public static void Main(string[] args){Screen Video.SetVideoMode( wwidth, wheight, 32, false, false, false, true) ;Events.TargetFps 50;Events.Quit (QuitEventHandler) ;Events.Tick (TickEventHandler) ;Events.Run() ;}private static void QuitEventHandler(object sender, QuitEventArgs args){Events.QuitApplication() ;}private static void TickEventHandler(object sender, TickEventArgs args){for (var i 0; i 17; i){var rect new Rectangle(new Point(r.Next(wwidth- 100),r.Next(wheight-100)),new Size(10 r.Next(wwidth - 90), 10 r.Next(wheight - 90))) ;var Col Color.FromArgb(r.Next(255),r.Next (255),r.Next(255)) ;var CircCol Color.FromArgb(r.Next(255), r.Next (255), r.Next(255)) ;short rad ius (short)(10 r.Next(wheight - 90)) ;var Circ new Circle(new Point(r.Next(wwidth- 100),r.Next(wheight-100)),radius) ;Screen.Fill(rect,Col) ;Circ.Draw(Screen, CircCol, false, true) ;Screen.Update() ;Video.WindowCaption Events.Fps.ToString() ;}}} Object Oriented Development SDL.NET is very Object Oriented and there are two predefined objects that are used in every SDL.NET application. Video provides methods to set the video mode, create video surfaces, hide and show the mouse cursor, and interact with OpenGL. Not that well be doing OpenGL for a while. The Events class contains events which can be attached to to read user input and other miscellaneous occurrences. Here the Video object is used to set the size and resolution of the game Window (full screen is an option). The parameters for SetVideoMode let you change these and 13 overloads provide plenty of variety. Theres a .chm file (Windows html help format) in the doc folder documenting all the classes and members. The Events object has a Quit events handler that lets you add close down logic and you should call Events.QuitApplication() to make it respond to the user closing the application. The Events.Tick is possibly the most important event handler. It calls the specified event handler each frame. This is the model for all SDL.NET development. You can set your desired frame rate and my reducing the loop to 5 and changing the Targetfps to 150 we got it running at 164 frames per second. TargetFps is a ballpark figure; it puts in delays to get you near that figure but the Events.Fps is what is delivered. Surfaces Like the original non Windowed version of SDL, the SDL.NET uses surfaces for rendering to the screen. A surface can be constructed from a graphics file. There are a large number of properties and methods that make it possible to read or write pixels as well as draw the graphics primitives, blit other surfaces, even dump a surface to a disk file for taking screenshots. SDLNET provides just about everything to let you create games. Well be looking at the various features over the next few tutorials then move onto creating games with it.

Analysis of gene research papers

Analysis of gene research papers Source: Ledford, H. (2017, March 07). CRISPR: gene editing is just the beginning. Retrieved July 05, 2017, from http://www.nature.com/news/crispr-gene-editing-is-just-the-beginning-1.19510 CRISPR has signaled a new age for molecular biologists, and non-profits like Addgene are on top of it all. Addgene has become the place where scientists deposit their tools while also turning to them in search of molecular tools. CRISPR now resembles something novel for researchers all around the world: Specificity – the ability to do exactly what they want and just what they want. The CRISPR tool can be used in many ways to suit the needs of the researcher. A common technique being used it to observe the effect of a change in the genetic code (particular genes) on the cell. This allows for a deeper understanding of metabolic pathways and effects of proteins and genes. The CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR Cas9) is the enzyme which is in widespread use in laboratories. Researchers from Stanford University modified the Cas9 to just inhibit the gene, and not cutting the gene (as it would normally). The brilliancy of CRISPR is the fact that it itself has been modified and we can attach molecules that affect the epigenetics of the cell, that can be induced by specific stimuli and we can attach molecules that can even stimulate the expression of a particular gene. The ability of this tool to modify the epigenome with high specificity has massive implications as the epigenome has been linked to issues like cancer and neurological disorders. Lastly, CRISPR has had a major positive impact on the economical side of research by reducing both the time taken and cost of experiments considerably. For instance, CRISPR has enabled researchers to do what previously took a year in just a month! Article 2: Source: Larson, C. Schaffer A. (2016, October 04). New Tools for Editing the Genome Could Radically Change the Study of Human Diseases. Retrieved July 05, 2017, from https://www.technologyreview.com/s/526511/genome-editing/ Genetic editing using the CRISPR-Cas method is revolutionizing the world and has transformed the scenario of many labs throughout the world. It now provides a cheap and highly precise method of gene editing. CRISPR is a tool born from the collaboration between scientists from varied backgrounds pursuing a common goal. Recent research in China has proven the possibility of genetically edited macaques and this is a stepping stone towards â€Å"designer babies†. The introduction of ethical dilemmas due to the advent of this technology is an inevitable repercussion of any powerful tool. However, the success of the aforementioned experiment seeks to showcase the importance of primate models in research. Primate models have also been useful in understanding genetic diseases and mutations and CRISPR now allows researchers to identify these mutations and find gene therapies to it. Article 3: Source: Kiefer, J., Yin, H. H., Que, Q. Q., Mousses, S. (2009). High-throughput siRNA screening as a method of perturbation of biological systems and identification of targeted pathways coupled with compound screening. Retrieved July 05, 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19597791 There are two ways to screen cells containing the CRISPR Cas9 nucleases that knockout specific genes: pooled format and arrayed format. In arrayed screening, the cells and other molecules are arranged in multi well plates (96 wells, 384 wells, or 1536 wells) and the cells that are placed in each of the wells are transfected or virally transduced individually (on a well to well basis). The wells are imaged and then the readout is based upon measurements of those images based on different parameters. In the pooled format, the reagents are synthesized in a pool and are then virally transduced into the cell. Viral transduction ensures that generally only one change to the cell occurs and the integration of the virus can be read through polymerase chain reactions and next-generation screening. The readout of the experiment is based on the abundance of the integrated transgene between samples (in positive selection groups, control groups, and negative selection groups). Article 4: Source: Phillips, T. (2016, October 14). What Is siRNA and How Is It Used to Attack Protein Cells in the Body? Retrieved July 05, 2017, from https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-sirna-and-how-is-it-used-375598 RNA interference (RNAi) is the usage of small interfering RNA (siRNA) that bind to the messenger RNA (mRNA) for specific proteins and cause their degradation hence inhibiting protein synthesis. The siRNA uses a combination of endonuclease and exonuclease enzymes to bring about the degradation of the mRNA. The problem with siRNA is that it can be rejected by the cell and may trigger immune responses. Also, RNAi is known to give false hits and can have an impact on multiple metabolic pathways/mRNAs and cause an unspecific, unwanted, and unknown knockout. However, this method is still very useful in stabilizing serums, enhancing the activity of cells and is also being used in designing therapies for genetic diseases. Article 5: Source: Tan, J., Martin, S. E. (2016, December 28). Validation of Synthetic CRISPR Reagents as a Tool for Arrayed Functional Genomic Screening. Retrieved July 05, 2017, from http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0168968 The research conducted by Tan, J. and Martin, S. E. proves that the viral transfection based CRISPR Cas9 method can be used in the arrayed format by comparing the results of various different techniques and finding conclusive evidence that the results obtained from the arrayed format screening of the cells is similar to that obtained from using the pooled format and RNAi method. They tested their results based on the assay for aberrant DNA replication. Their findings show that the majority of the transfected cells showed a change in phenotype within 72 hours and also that high throughput gene editing and screening of the cells produced data (known DNA replication regulators ) that was comparable to that obtained from siRNA gene knockdown. Lastly, their findings also show that CRISPR screening gave less false hits, i.e. it was more accurate than siRNA screens performed in parallel.

Psychosocial and Ethical Issues Personal Statement

Psychosocial and Ethical Issues - Personal Statement Example In this assignment, the psychosocial and ethical issues involved in the disease and in the possible management of such patients will be analysed through a reflective account. Case: This is a little girl of age 9, suffering from a leukaemia. She is attending this hospital for followup chemotherapy. Her mother accompanies her every time, and she seems to be very supportive to her daughter throughout these treatment cycles. Ethical Issues: Every patients and care involve some ethical issues. Pediatric patients such as this go through grueling rituals of management in the clinical setting. Quite often, these involve multidisciplinary workup and management. In the clinical situation, these are data of various categories and their interpretations. Changes in the clinical conditions and other parameters are discussed in order to design a therapy that suits best to the clinical conditions of these children. These situations are often grappled with ethical issues which tend to neglect the patient and the physician perspectives, even though they may be ethically sound. This is a chronic condition, and the mechanism of coping with such a severe disease for a little child like her is always a problem, and it is more so for the family or the mother. The patient has her own rights, but the fact that the patient is a dependent member of the family, and therefore, many of her decisions will be made by the physician s and the family, adjusting to her growing competence and maturity. It is very evident that the medical professional will have to act with fewer presumed limits on their commitment of care. The principles of beneficence may counteract with the principle of autonomy in case of this pediatric patient. Obviously, this would vary from those in case of adult patients. It is to be noted that cancer is no longer that deadly. With tremendous improvement in medications and technologies, the outcome is no that poor. All these have led to changes in the ways the physicians communicate with their patients. Truth telling perhaps is the most important ethical responsibility of a healthcare professional. Although truth is dynamic in nature, truth about a patient's condition is a combination of both subjective and objective factors. It also involves psychosocial aspects as to how it is interpreted by the patient and the physician. This matter is further complicated by the fact that the patient is a child. However, ethically, the healthcare professionals are bound to lead to honest transmission of what is accepted medical knowledge at a given time. This must accept the fact that the patient is not passive, rather an active participant in the decision making process, embodying autonomy. Since the child is just 9 years old with cancer, there is a high chance th at there would be considerable extent of paternalism. However, due to superior medical knowledge, the doctor may lead to medical benefit out of this, but that may not ensure patient benefit. However, the patient's mother who has been supportive to her may also do the same thing, and despite that, the doctor will have to depend on her. It is to be remembered that the patient, despite being a child, has her own value systems, cultural beliefs, and religious beliefs. In the changed scenario of the present time, a shared decision making is the rule of the hour. Moreover, the patient would want to assert autonomous control

Why you cannot prepare a tax return showing these deductions unless he Assignment

Why you cannot prepare a tax return showing these deductions unless he can provide the receipts - Assignment Example The IRC Section 274 prescribes strict and specific documentation requirements for all business expenses claimed for travel purposes. Due to this prescription, the receipts will be required to fully substantiate your travel deductions (Pope, Anderson, Kramer, & Bandy, 2007). It is against the federal law to complete tax returns without the back up documents to verify the reported information. Moreover tax returns are prepared under the penalty for perjury and therefore it is equally vital to confirm all the details in the process of completing the tax returns. In view of this, i am under the standards prescribed in the IRC Section 6694, which demands that I prove the documented information before I prepare the tax returns for you. The fact that the reported figures cannot be adequately substantiated due to the absence of receipts, the benefits associated with some of these large deductions will be lost. As a matter of fact, there is a high probative value in these contemporaneous records of which it is for your own advantage that you avail them before the tax returns are

Discussion 2 Week 7 Chapter 13 Corporate Valuations Assignment

Discussion 2 Week 7 Chapter 13 Corporate Valuations - Assignment Example Also, a member of the cross-asset team at â€Å"Societe Generale Bank† strongly believes that cash does not give returns to shareholders. From these disputes, it was seen that many directors in the IT sector prefer to keep cash. This helps them take advantage of new opportunities instead of giving to shareholders. To avoid such disputes, companies should ensure that such decisions have the support of shareholders. To ensure that this is the case, companies need to make sure that rules on decision making are in the shareholders’ agreement or the company’s article of association. These rules will then a guide when making decisions (Laro, 2005). For instance, in case of piling cash, with the help of the rules, companies will ensure that the decision is within the rules. This will help avoid disputes and will also help the company in case there is a legal bid. It is also necessary to inform shareholders on decisions made by the company. For example, decisions to keep cash should have valid evidence of the gains that the company and its shareholders should expect from this move. This is because holding on shareholders’ income in the form of cash will make shareholders doubt the company’s commitment to them. For example, in the case of Apple, with proper disclosure, there will not be a dispute over retaining cash. The dispute arose as a result of doubt over the cash pile of $137 billion. Another important point for companies to note is that shareholders are most interested in the return on their investment. To them, the value of the company is crucial as this will reflect what they should expect from their investment in terms of dividend. Therefore, to avoid disputes, companies should ensure that they balance between the money that the company keeps for expansion and the money payable to shareholders in terms of dividend. Shareholders

Information for proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Information for proposal - Essay Example Note that the question on this matter but the results will differ because something has affected the respondents' knowledge and awareness. There might be some possible changes on the answer of the respondents but there are cases that their perceptions are not affected at all. For a case study on child's rights, a survey can be done on the spot with the kids. This serves as the pre-test. Later on, after letting them watch a video clipping about child's rights, a post-test survey can be done to determine if their awareness has been changed. Non- equivalent comparison this simply refers to the data obtained from different period or time interval without the specific limits or lapses. The data can be obtained whether in a three-year, four- year or five- year intervals instead of taking it in a specific 100-year interval. Time series analysis is the comparison of data represented in a time series. It includes almost all classes of statistical approaches and problems: data description, hypothesis testing , parameter estimation , regression , etc. The practical importance of time series analysis stems from the fact that time series data - economic, social, sport, physical, etc. - are quite common. Experimental is a kind ... This serves as the pre-test. Later on, after letting them watch a video clipping about child's rights, a post-test survey can be done to determine if their awareness has been changed. Time series data are measurements of a variable taken at regular intervals over time. Time series are represented as sequences of values like x(1), x(2), ... . The time line of invention and innovation for modern transport may be as follows: Stage coach Train Car Plane Rocket Space ship ____________________________________________________ 1800 1900 2000 Non- equivalent comparison this simply refers to the data obtained from different period or time interval without the specific limits or lapses. The data can be obtained whether in a three-year, four- year or five- year intervals instead of taking it in a specific 100-year interval. Time series analysis is the comparison of data represented in a time series. It includes almost all classes of statistical approaches and problems: data description, hypothesis testing , parameter estimation , regression , etc. The practical importance of time series analysis stems from the fact that time series data - economic, social, sport, physical, etc. - are quite common. Experimental is a kind of research design conducted to answer questions about causes and effects. The basic requirements are; a) random assignment, b) treatment and no-treatment groups, c) observations after the treatment. The following notations are used in describing the different experimental designs: X=stands for an experimental treatment, or an independent variable or a cause O=stands for observation, or a dependent variable, or an effect R=means that the respondents have been randomly assigned to the different treatment or non-

Analysis of State of Massachusetts on North American Free Trade Essay

Analysis of State of Massachusetts on North American Free Trade Agreement - Essay Example The support for NAFTA trade pact was not universally agreed throughout the USA (Earl, 192). As a matter of fact, it is one of the most controversial issues that have survived over the two decades. This is owing to the economic impacts that it has created in the country, where some $ billion worth of businesses are predicted to have shifted to either Canada or Mexico, while over 1 million jobs are also predicted to have been lost, since the signing and commencement of the implementation of the NAFTA trade pact in 1993 (Mishel and Teixeira, 7). The northern districts and the central districts of the USA were particularly opposed to this implementation, owing to the fact that they formed the bulk of the manufacturing zone in the country, and thus feared the loss of jobs and manufacturing business to either Mexico or Canada (Glick, 198). On the other hand, the southern states and part of the northern states, especially those on the borders were supportive of the implementation of the NAF TA trade pact. Thus, the vote on the North American Free Trade Agreement was an almost evenly divisive issue for Democrats senators during the vote in 1993, where 27 democrat senators voted for the NAFTA implementation, while 28 of the Democrat senators voted against its implementation (Earle, 193). The most notable occurrence, however, is that both the Democrat senators from the State of Massachusetts voted for the implementation of the NAFTA trade agreement, despite the issue being highly divisive.   At the time of signing this agreement, President Clinton ratified it while still being opposed by 60% of his Democrat counterparts in the legislature, meaning that he got more support from the Republicans than the Democrats, which is a highly unusual scenario (Rosenbaum, n.p.). This simply serves to indicate two major points.  Ã‚     

Discussion 2 Week 7 Chapter 13 Corporate Valuations Assignment

Discussion 2 Week 7 Chapter 13 Corporate Valuations - Assignment Example Also, a member of the cross-asset team at â€Å"Societe Generale Bank† strongly believes that cash does not give returns to shareholders. From these disputes, it was seen that many directors in the IT sector prefer to keep cash. This helps them take advantage of new opportunities instead of giving to shareholders. To avoid such disputes, companies should ensure that such decisions have the support of shareholders. To ensure that this is the case, companies need to make sure that rules on decision making are in the shareholders’ agreement or the company’s article of association. These rules will then a guide when making decisions (Laro, 2005). For instance, in case of piling cash, with the help of the rules, companies will ensure that the decision is within the rules. This will help avoid disputes and will also help the company in case there is a legal bid. It is also necessary to inform shareholders on decisions made by the company. For example, decisions to keep cash should have valid evidence of the gains that the company and its shareholders should expect from this move. This is because holding on shareholders’ income in the form of cash will make shareholders doubt the company’s commitment to them. For example, in the case of Apple, with proper disclosure, there will not be a dispute over retaining cash. The dispute arose as a result of doubt over the cash pile of $137 billion. Another important point for companies to note is that shareholders are most interested in the return on their investment. To them, the value of the company is crucial as this will reflect what they should expect from their investment in terms of dividend. Therefore, to avoid disputes, companies should ensure that they balance between the money that the company keeps for expansion and the money payable to shareholders in terms of dividend. Shareholders

Analysis of State of Massachusetts on North American Free Trade Essay

Analysis of State of Massachusetts on North American Free Trade Agreement - Essay Example The support for NAFTA trade pact was not universally agreed throughout the USA (Earl, 192). As a matter of fact, it is one of the most controversial issues that have survived over the two decades. This is owing to the economic impacts that it has created in the country, where some $ billion worth of businesses are predicted to have shifted to either Canada or Mexico, while over 1 million jobs are also predicted to have been lost, since the signing and commencement of the implementation of the NAFTA trade pact in 1993 (Mishel and Teixeira, 7). The northern districts and the central districts of the USA were particularly opposed to this implementation, owing to the fact that they formed the bulk of the manufacturing zone in the country, and thus feared the loss of jobs and manufacturing business to either Mexico or Canada (Glick, 198). On the other hand, the southern states and part of the northern states, especially those on the borders were supportive of the implementation of the NAF TA trade pact. Thus, the vote on the North American Free Trade Agreement was an almost evenly divisive issue for Democrats senators during the vote in 1993, where 27 democrat senators voted for the NAFTA implementation, while 28 of the Democrat senators voted against its implementation (Earle, 193). The most notable occurrence, however, is that both the Democrat senators from the State of Massachusetts voted for the implementation of the NAFTA trade agreement, despite the issue being highly divisive.   At the time of signing this agreement, President Clinton ratified it while still being opposed by 60% of his Democrat counterparts in the legislature, meaning that he got more support from the Republicans than the Democrats, which is a highly unusual scenario (Rosenbaum, n.p.). This simply serves to indicate two major points.  Ã‚     

Steps to Writing a Grant Proposal Essay Example for Free

Steps to Writing a Grant Proposal Essay For all organizations funding can be an issue. Depending if the organization is for profit, they depend on loans and revenue to support them, building inventory, and expanding. While non-profits depend on grants and donations to keep their organizations running. The most important with non-profits is writing grant proposals to keep the financial aspects of the organization intact. Human services need to take great care in who is responsible of writing grant proposals for their organization. The important steps that must be followed in writing the grant proposal after finding the appropriate request for proposal or application is to write an abstract for the proposal, which would include a summary of the proposal with the agency name, type, purpose and objectives, interventions, target population, location, and relevance of the proposed program to the funding intentions (Terao Yuen, 2003). The next phase of the proposal would be the table of contents, which is a guide of the contents covered and their location within the proposal. Other important parts of the written proposal should be included within this proposal are the plans, background and significance, and needs and problem statement. Not only are these important they define the needs of the targeted population, demographics, the current state of affairs, and what will be needed to ease the problem. Discussing the barriers to service helps the funders decide if the goals meet their stated goals; these include accessibility, availability, awareness, appropriateness, and acculturation (Terao Yuen, 2003). While it may seem that not all programs have all of these issues, most do in one way or another. Literature review helps to support the proposal request by identifying previous program results, data about the target population, and studies which are related to the issues. Stating who the target population is for a program is very important for consideration by donors; they need to know who will be served, why they are currently underserved, and why they need to be served. Age, race, at-risk status, economic status, gender status, or other urgent needs are all aspects of target populations which should be addressed; as well as others, as appropriate. The approaches and  methods section of the proposal tells the donor how you intend to address the problem as identified in other sections. Showing what your plan is, how you intend to intervene in the existing problem or situation, and how your program is unique to the current solutions which others are using. In effect, it is a summary of how your plan will work to â€Å"fix† the problem which presents itself in the target population. The vision of a program is the ideal of what the situation will become if the mission, goals, and objectives come to be reality. Vision may seem to be a rosy view of what could be; mission, goals, and objectives lay out the plan that the organization will use to get as close to the vision as possible. The activities of intervention or service and the definition of the desired outcome help the reader to understand what your agency intends to do and how they plan on doing it. The next step is closely related to vision, mission, goals, and objectives; the evaluation plan shows the continuous ways that an organization can judge whether it is meeting the needs of the target population. The agency evaluation step is probably one of the most important aspects of a grant proposal; donors want to know how you will measure if your program is successful or failing in its mission. The agency capacity and project management section of the proposal show the previous record of an organization; how well it has measured up on past programs, how well it managed past grants, and recommendations from other donors or people who sit in the public eye. The project management aspects address staffing, their responsibilities, the organizational structure, and how this program is related to past projects. The budget and budget justifications stage of proposal writing shows how the money requested will be spent and why it should be spent the way the detailed budget has projected. Items like the percentage to be spent on general expenses, salaries, staffing, and travel are all important to funders; if the largest percent of administrative salaries exist, the funder may require money be spent on other purposes. The other sources and amounts of funding which have been committed should be disclosed in this section of the proposal. An ending summary which pulls together the plan, the desired outcomes related to mission, goals and objectives, the budgetary definitions, and how all interventions will best serve the clients involved in a situation where urgent or unique need has made the program important. Grant writing is a skill that will be developed  with greater expertise through practice and experiences with funders. Great care should be taken to properly apply for grants related to specific programs and projects; otherwise, future submittals may be discounted because an agency has previously ignored the requirements of Requests for Proposals. Wasting the time of reviewers does not bode well for future applications. Being aware, attentive, and addressing accurately the requirements of those grants which relate to their programs will save the time and energy of grant writers which would be better served by applying for other appropriate grants. Section Two: Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony Needs and Problem Statement Students in the Santa Rosa area who attend elementary and middle schools have recently lost opportunities to learn, appreciate, and gain practical knowledge of music due to budget cuts. They must wait to participate in music programs until high school or college; by then many have lost interest unless they have been taught privately. Few families can afford to sponsor private lessons for their children in this area. If there are not extracurricular activities available for students, they will find other avenues to fill their spare time; law enforcement, parents, educators, and social service professionals are concerned that gang activity, drug abuse, loitering, and other negative influences on a young person’s life may increase since there are less planned, positive, growth-related activities. When a survey was taken of community members and leaders, they were concerned that the lack of essential music programs would set students behind others who attend school in districts which still support music and fine arts and another concern is without access to formal music programs, the youth of Santa Rosa will lose their appreciation, enjoyment, and participation in music programs. Since the costs associated with private lessons are beyond the reach of most families, they recommend development of a project which educates students and supports music education, appreciation, and leadership training. There is a program in existence, The Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony (SRPYS), which addresses all of these issues. Their mission, goals, and objectives will help to absorb students which have been excluded from musical experiences, but additional funding  will be required to continue and expand the program. While not all students will be talented enough to perform in the major Philharmonic events, some will gain entry to the Symphony proper through auditions which are held each June. Those who are not chosen will still be able to participate in education and appreciation programs; thus, keeping them interested and exposed to different types of music while also aspiring to be accepted to the Symphony through practice and individual learning opportunities. References Terao, K., Terao, K.L. Yuen (2003). Practical Grant Writing and Program Evaluation. Brooks and Cole/Cengage Learning, Florence, KY.

The erik erikson theory of development

The erik erikson theory of development Erik Erikson theory of development stipulates the physical, psychological as well as emotional milestones and how they relate to specific developmental tasks in each stage. The personality traits exhibited by individuals are inborn temperament traits while others are learned by a person as he or she develops in regard to the challenges as well as support received in the course of development. Erik Erikson is credited due to the exemplification of the concept of personality development since he believed that the existence of the ego has its roots from birth and behavior exhibited by an individual is not completely defensive (Crandell et al, 2009). Studies advanced by Erik Erikson indicated that the development course of an individual is determined by a three fold interaction between the genetic biological programming of the body, psychological influences as well as ethos or cultural influences. Erik Eriksons developmental theory stipulates eight stages extending from infancy to adulth ood in which different developmental milestones are explained. The first stage from birth to about 18months is referred to as infancy where the Ego development outcome is known as Trust vs. Mistrust. This is the oral sensory stage where major emphasis is laid on the childs mother ability to provide loving care to the child. Through visual contact as well as touch a child is able to trust that life is satisfactory and considerable confidence in the future is achieved. On the contrary, when a child fails to achieve trust and consistent frustrations befall on a person, a deep seated feeling of worthlessness may develop as well as a pronounced mistrust of life in general. Basically during my infancy I was accorded the right treatment which gave me the belief that the world we live in is trustworthy and that every individual has an outmost right to live here. The early childhood stage is from 18 months and extends up to 3 years. The Ego development outcome during this stage refers to Autonomy vs. Shame. The basic strengths which a child ought to develop is will, courage as well as self control. Individuals at this stage learn to master important life skills for themselves. Children not only learn to feed, walk, talk, toilet train but they develop fine motor skills. As the developing child continues to gain control over their bodies through acquisition of new skills and differentiating the right from the wrong, feelings of autonomy and high self esteem are realized. During this period, children largely refuse to undertake the tasks stipulated by the most significant and/ constant caregiver that vital skills of will are developed. However, during this period children tend to be massively vulnerable. This is because children who are unable to learn important skills as well as fail in toilet training experience massive shame and doubt thereby resulting to low self esteem. Relationships with ones parents are very significant. During the Play age from 3 to 5 years a desire to imitate adults is established as well as an inborn want to take the initiative in coming up with ideas during plays. Playing is paramount during this stage as children are involved in playing out roles as well as experimenting in the ideas they believe in. The ego development outcome at this stage is referred to as Initiative vs. Guilt while the basic strength exhibited is purpose. According to Erikson, the child largely struggles with the oedipal struggle as he tries to establish his gender through use of social role identification formalities (Berger, 2004). A child frustrated in regard to natural desires and goals experiences guilty feelings. The school age period between 6 to 12 years is referred to as latency and the ego development outcome attached to it is industry vs. inferiority. The childs ability to learn and acquire new skills as well as knowledge and develop massive accomplishments helps a child develop a sense of industr y. This is a largely social stage during the development where basic strengths of method and competence are made manifest. In case a child experiences inadequacy and inferiority in the midst of his peers competences as well as self esteem problems results. The most important relationships during this period are those found in the school as well as the neighborhood. Gender influences are exhibited during development especially in communication styles, aggression as well as social relationships. Many sociolinguists agree that females largely prefer private talks which are geared towards forming relationships. Since I grew up in an environment with males as all my siblings are boys, my communication was primarily based on report talk with such verbal performances as lecturing information, joking as well as story telling. The kind of plays undertaken by children is based of gender and cultural influences. For instance the boys plays have a leader who directs the course of action and the losers as well as winners are identified. Girls on the other hand girls play in pairs and turn taking is more evident. According to Erikson, the above developmental stages largely depend on what is done to an individual. From adolescence stage which begins from 12 to 18 years, Identity vs. Role confusion is the developmental outcome which seeks to be achieved. Development largely depends on what an individual does. Adolescence is an indeed complex stage in which an individual is neither a child nor adult therefore individuals struggle to forge their identity in social interactions as well as establishing moral issues which to adhere to. Erikson states that individuals are expected to discover who they are. If this is not done adequately, the concerned individuals experience role confusion as well as upheaval. A period known as moratorium is witnessed by individuals who opt to withdraw from responsibilities. Adolescents identify most with their peers and due to lack of experience individuals tend to think in terms of ideals rather than reality hence the reason why massive conflicts are always witnessed during this stage (Berger, 2004). In young adulthood, between 18 and 35 years, the basic strengths t o be achieved are affiliation and love. According to Erikson, during the initial stages of becoming adults, individuals largely seek for love and companionship. Through marriage and establishing friendships, individuals seek to acquire mutually satisfying relationships. Individuals who negotiate through this stage successfully get to experience intimacy at the deepest level possible while those that fail isolation and distance from other people result. In my case, I married in the year 1999 and experienced deep intimacy. The significant relationships are those established with friends as well as marital partners. Middle Adulthood sets in from age 35 to 55 or 65. The ego development outcome involves generativity vs. stagnation. According to Erikson, during this stage individuals are largely occupied with their careers as well as creative works while at the same time involved in family obligations. Individuals expect to be in charge of their affairs. The basic strengths to demonstrate are protection and care. This is achieved through undertaking the significant task of perpetuating culture as well as transmitting values to the lives of the children. The parents should tame their children through providing a stable environment in which the children grow up in. According to Erikson, Generativity is achieved when an individual demonstrates care of other people especially children thereby resulting to production of something which significantly contributes to the betterment of the society (Kail Cavanaugh, 2008). This is the stage where ones children gradually leave home. This move largely results to major life changes thus resulting to mid life crises. Self absorption and stagnation is experienced by people who fail to go through this stage successfully. During this period, relationships which matter the most are those existing in the workplace, family and the community at large. Late adulthood which is witnessed from 55 or 65 years up-to death requires comprehensible demonstration of the vital strength in wisdom. According to Erikson, the ego development outcome at this stage is integrity vs. despair. Since individuals have spent substantial amount of time preparing their lives during middle adulthood, late adulthood presents an opportunity to recover from the challenges of life. As older adults, individuals have an opportunity to look at their lives with happiness as well as contentment. Recognition of the contribution made by an individual in life is what brings satisfaction and Erikson refers to it as integrity (Berk, 2004). Contrary, there are individuals who get to this stage and exhibit feelings of despair owing to the misgivings and perceived failures they have witnessed in their lives. Kohlbergs theory of moral development compares significantly with Eriksons developmental theory since the moral milestones achieved by an individual throughout his lif etime are stipulated. According to Kohlberg, moral reasoning is what determines the ethical behavior to be achieved by an individual. While expanding on Piagets work, Kohlberg established that moral development is primarily concerned with the need to demonstrate justice and continues throughout the life of an individual (Kail Cavanaugh, 2008). Through analyzing moral reasoning displayed by individuals in such cases as Heinz dilemma, Kohlberg managed to classify the actions and morals of various individuals into six distinct stages. The levels advanced by Kohlberg are classified into Pre-conventional, conventional as well as post-conventional with each level having two other stages. The pre-conventional stage is commonly exhibited by children although there are instances when even adults get to associate with this stage. The morality of an action is determined by the direct consequences exhibited by a particular action. Since a child has not fully conceptualized the societal conventions in regard to what actions are right or wrong, he or she focus on the kind or rewards or punishments a particular action is likely to elicit. The obedience and punishment orientation makes an individual to focus on the punishment advanced thus if the punishment is bad, the action is equally bad. This view is largely egocentric. Stage two in pre- conventional level is driven by self interest concerns whereby an individual seeks to determine the benefit he or she will derive from an activity. Thus, concern for other peoples interests is not as a result of respect or loyalty. The conventional level is typically demonstrated by adolescents as well as adults. People who reason in conventional ways base the morality of action in regard to the societal views as well as expectations. Conventional morality thus requires an individual to make a deliberate move to accept the societal conventional in regard to what is right or wrong. Thus an individual follows the stipulated societal laws and guidelines without c onsidering the consequences of the actions. In stage three referred to as interpersonal accord and conformity motivated an individual seeks to fill social roles available in his society thus the emphasis lies in trying to live up to the expectations of the society. Thus stage three reasoning constitutes judging the morality of an action by considering the kind of effect that an individuals relationship will demonstrate. When respect and gratitude sets in, people feel the need to fit in social roles since they want to be liked by other members of society owing to the good behaviors they demonstrate. According to Kohlberg, stage two of conventional morality is authority and social order obedience motivated. The importance of obeying the stipulated laws, social conventions as well as dictums lies in the massive need to maintain a society which is functioning well (Lerner Weiner, 2003). Thus society needs transcend individual approval when making any moral reasoning. It is a central id eal which is present in the society which makes people want to follow the stipulated rules and regulations. Majority of the active members of the society remain in this stage of moral judgment. The post conventional level of moral development is known as the principled level. According to Kohlberg, it is the realization that individuals are separate from society which makes individual perspectives to be considered before making decisions. People in this stage make decisions owing to the abstract personal principles they uphold. In stage one of post conventional level known as social contract driven, the world is considered to hold varied rights, values as well as opinions which must be respected by all people in the society. In this stage, laws are not considered as rigid dictums rather rules are considered as social contracts which need be changed in order to address the good on all people in the society. Various decisions as well as inevitable compromises come into interplay when such actions are being undertaken. The final stage is universal ethical principle motivated and it encompasses abstract reasoning during moral reasoning processes. The validity of laws is based o nly on their ability to uphold justice thus laws without an obligation to justice need be fully disobeyed. Since decisions are not arrived at hypothetically, a completely absolute method need be developed to come up with such conclusions. Kohlberg emphasizes the fact that the individuals, who have reached this level of moral development, put themselves in another persons situation if at all they believed the truth of another persons action (Lerner Weiner, 2003). The consensus which results from such an action is the decision undertaken. Thus individuals act not because an action is legal, instrumental, or expected but rather because the action is right. It is quite difficult to determine individuals who operate in this level. The cultural background of an individual plays a major role in determining the moral milestones achieved during the development process. Since culture encompasses the total communitys social, economic as well as political structures which shape the total outlook of an individual. It is the culture which determines the sensibilities, attitudes, skills as well as dispositions which in turn make an individual morally mature in all spheres of life. In case a cultural setting lays much emphasis on punishment, individuals will primarily remain in the pre- conventional stage of moral authority where actions are determined by the kind of punishment which will be accorded. Differences in sex exhibit different moral development of women and men. Women typically remain at stage three of moral development since they primarily encompass interpersonal feelings during decision making process. Men are largely stationed at stage five and six since they reflect mostly on abstract perceptions of societ al organization during decision making process (Lerner Weiner, 2003). This can be further explained by the fact that women do not undertake their responsibilities in regard to the conventionally accepted norms but rather on their own individual insights in regard to care and responsibilities of their children.

Teenagers Have Rights! :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Under the eyes of god we are all created equal, and under the foundation of the country with gods blessing all patrons of the great USA are created equal. Right? Well that's what I thought until my eyes were opened this summer to the cruel REAL world. Is there any reasoning that befalls the United States Police Force to undermine the future of the USA? Are we so evil that we must be 'Plagued'; by the constant harassment of the police to follow us wherever we go no matter what we do? Are we so naive as to let this continue in the world that is supposed to be our Peaceful and Humble abode? No. We are the ones that will soon run this country and change starts with us. So here is our voice. Listen if you will, or listen if you wont. Either way you will hear our voice. We are of millions in size and will not fall to the beck, call, and command of those who only hold age higher than us.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inside this document of our complaints, compliments, and worries you will hear how the young leaders feel and suffer. Points will be explained and many voices will talk. This is not just the viewpoint of me, but that of the entire generation around me. I am just the 'message bearer.'; Take offense to the following if you wish. Though this is not meant to offend, it is meant to constructively criticize. We are here not to exploit ourselves within the name of heroes. We are here to undermine the wrong and uphold the right. POINT 1: Stereo Typical Teenager   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On Sunday night, September 5th 1999, friends and I were eating outside of Apple Valley McDonalds. Two Apple Valley Police Officers approached us in their vehicles and asked us to leave. Upon a friends departure I threw, a hand signal, which is known as 'Peace.'; Deriving from the old hand signal of victory from the war. It is a hand motion that consists of the middle finger and forefinger being placed in the upright position and the thumb crossing behind them. Do not let this be confused with a gang sign, as did the two police officers. I was told that I was to receive a citation upon the next time I threw this 'Gang Sign'; in public, for Disorderly Conduct. Upon our leaving a police officer followed the car of 'John Doe'; for a block and a half and then pulled over his vehicle.

Against Louis Riels Execution :: essays research papers

Louis Riel should not have been hung because he represented those who couldn't represent themselves. Louis Riel was disappointed with the way the MÃ ©tis were, so he took it upon himself to represent the MÃ ©tis and their rights. Even though the actions that followed, such as keeping the new governor out the colony, was illegal and very wrong. Riel risked it for the rights of the MÃ ©tis. As for Thomas Scott, Riel has absolutely no legal right to have him shot, but Riel himself never touched a gun for that purpose. He had a firing squad shoot Scott. Although, Riel may have ordered the squad to shoot, but the men could have backed down, no matter how powerful Riel seemed. After the rebellion, he was elected by Manitoba to sit in the House of Commons. Riel went to Ottawa but was not allowed to sit as a member in the House, for he was threatened by many to be shot if he appeared in the House. This was the mistake of the government. They should have sopped the nonsense and threats. For Riel was a man of ideas. He was a man who was knowledged in the government. It was obvious since he formed his own government. Riel would have been an asset to the Canadian government. In 1884, Gabriel Dumont rode to Montana and asked Riel to defend the MÃ ©tis once again. Riel returned to help the natives once more. Riel was risking capture when he returned. This was a very noble act on his part. Instead of staying nice and safe in Montana, Riel gave up his safety for the MÃ ©tis. Riel decided to try an unviolent approach this time instead of starting an all out rebellion. Riel and the MÃ ©tis drew up a petition and presented it to the government. The petition, which demanded more food and money for the natives, was looked over but not acted upon. The petition was fair in all parts but the government turned it down. It only demanded that what belonged to the natives be returned. In early 1885, Riel formed another provisional government, and started another rebellion. His followers killed many army troops, but once again it was not the hand of Riel that killed so many. It was of people who had their own thoughts and intuitions. They could have easily said no to Riel instead of shooting. In which case Riel was

Positive N Negative Western Influence Essay

Her strength. For most of the Indian public perception, western culture is just a set of western clothes, discos, parties and other things that are ‘hostile to morality’, but in reality western culture totally embodies another realm as opposed to the popular view. One shouldn’t say it straightaway that bikinis, jeans, pornography is all that western culture offers us before having, at least, a brief study about the western culture that it rightfully deserves with dignity. Actually western culture is based on rationality and respect for the human life. Even Indian culture has its evils. Did anyone even mentioned discrimination on caste while mention ‘greatness of Indian culture’? Isn’t that an inherent problem of Indian Culture? And let us remind that such evils were prevalent in the society in the past in the forms of brutal rituals like sati, child marriage etc that were later abolished by the British. The latter is a clear example of esteem that western society gives to the human life, something that is clearly evident in the statistics of life expectancy in some western countries. Although western culture also has its demerits but it doesn’t makes sense just to make mockery of it saying ‘its polluting our culture’. Culture is certainly not decaying. In India we call adoption of western culture as decay of our own culture. But whatever we are adopting is totally for the convenience of the work we do. Lets take example of women police, she has to be active and fast in her work. Hence shirt-pant is the best uniform which will prove convenient for her. Thus, culture can be best defined as running water i.e. to adopt newer changes and continue its flow. If culture sticks to its place like stagnant water, its obvious that people will run away from the decaying and offensive smelling pond. Thus, our culture is on a right path and its modernization should not be taken as its decay. Culture means way of living, way of loving, way of treating, way of dressing, way of receiving, way of sharing, way of respect towards human values. According to modern life style women are equal as men. Girls kids are considered as the boons. Gandhiji has rightly said that, † keep the doors and windows of your house open to allow the breeze to enter freely but take care that you will not fly away to that wind†. According to the great philosopher ALBERT TOYNBEAN â€Å"IF THE WORLD CIVILIZATION WOULD HAVE TO EXIST THEY WILL HAVE TO LOOK LIKE THE INDIAN WAY†. GOOD EFFECTS are that it has abolished inequality, sati system, dowry system, caste system etc from our society. It has introduced euality in the society because of which nobody is treated as inferior and superior.it has introduced democracy,integrity etc in our society. BAD EFFECTS are that it has changed our dressing style, our food habits and also our young generation no longer respect their elders.It has introduced corruption in our society and many other bad things that haS destroyed our culture. Casteism, dowry, sati system which was predominant in our society since historic times have now been removed upto great extent from modern day society due to influence of western culture. But neither of the things mentioned above was part of our culture. It was the wrong interpretation of our religious texts which paved for these evils. So, the culture which we were violating since historic times we became aware off due to influence of other culture.